Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Muslim Indonesia
The Stress Management and Mental Literacy Trends of Health Science Student on Mental Health in Makassar
Background: There are more than 40% who experience depression in adolescents but go undetected and untreated. The incidence of mental emotional disorders is increasing from year to year. The Prevalence of mental emotional disorders in Indonesia reached 6% in 2013 and increased to 9.8% in 2018. Riskesda data in 2018 stated that the number of cases of mental emotional disorders in South Sulawesi Province reached 10% in 2013 and increased to 13%. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the association between stress management strategies (Problem-Focused Coping, Emotion-Focused Coping, and Maladaptive Coping) and academic stress with mental health among health science students in Makassar City. Methods: This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional study approach. The research will start from September-November 2024. Data collection with proportional random sampling. The research was conducted in Makassar City at Hasanuddin University and Muslim Indonesia University) on health science students (Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry, Pharmacy, Public Health, Nursing. Data analysis using regression test between independent variables and dependent variables. Results: Among 121 health science students, Problem-Focused Coping, Emotion-Focused Coping, academic stress, and Maladaptive Coping were significantly associated with mental health (p < 0.05). Higher maladaptive coping scores were significantly associated with poorer mental health (B = −0.822; p = 0.003). Conclusion: Problem-Focused Coping, Emotion-Focused Coping, academic stress, and Maladaptive Coping were significantly associated with mental health among health science students in Makassar. Higher maladaptive coping was associated with poorer mental health. Universities should strengthen mental health promotion programs and encourage adaptive coping strategies to improve students' psychological well-being.
Therapeutic Response Monitoring in Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: A Narrative Review
Background: Therapeutic response monitoring is essential in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), as it guides the evaluation of treatment efficacy, detection of inadequate response, and individualized treatment decisions. Methods: This narrative review summarizes the current approaches to response monitoring in chronic phase CML treated with TKIs, focusing on hematologic, cytogenetic, and molecular assessments. Particular attention is given to BCR::ABL1 monitoring, response milestones, mutation-guided treatment decisions, and implementation challenges in resource-limited settings, including Indonesia. Results: Hematologic response is an early and accessible indicator of treatment activity, whereas cytogenetic assessment is useful for evaluating Philadelphia chromosome-positive cells and detecting additional chromosomal abnormalities. Molecular monitoring using quantitative BCR::ABL1 transcript measurement on the International Scale is the most sensitive method for assessing residual disease, defining treatment milestones, identifying warning or unfavorable responses, and selecting patients who may be considered for treatment-free remission (TFR). However, access to standardized molecular testing remains limited in many low- and middle-income countries because of costs, geographic disparities, laboratory infrastructure constraints, and health-system barriers. Practical strategies include prioritizing molecular testing at key milestones, strengthening referral laboratory networks, using automated platforms where feasible, supporting patient adherence, and developing clinical registries. Conclusion: Integrated resource-adapted response monitoring is crucial for optimizing TKI therapy in chronic-phase CML and reducing disparities in long-term outcomes.
The Effect of Ketamine on Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NRL) Levels after Gynecological Laparotomy Surgery
Background: Post-surgical pain is a critical issue faced by post-surgical patients. The Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) is an index indicating the direction of inflammation. Ketamine is a general anesthetic widely used in surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation. Intravenous ketamine can reduce inflammation through inhibition of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. This demonstrates kematine’s anti-inflammatory properties. Objective: To determine the effect of ketamine on neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) levels after gynecological laparotomy. Methods: This experimental study, a clinical trial, used a pre-post-test control design, in which variables were measured before and after the intervention. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests and independent t-tests. Results: The comparison of NLR levels between the control and intervention groups after pynecological laparotomy revealed a significant difference, with a higher increase in the control group compared to the intervention group receiving ketamine (p<0.05). Conclusion: Ketamine can reduce postoperative NLR elevations, thereby reducing inflammation.
Human Platelet Antigen-2b Gene Polymorphism in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients with Macrovascular Complications
Background: The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus continues to increase globally, with Indonesia ranking fifth worldwide, affecting an estimated 20.4 million adults as of 2024. Patients with T2DM often experience abnormal platelet activation leading to platelet hyperactivity, which contributes to macrovascular complications such as coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral arterial disease. Objective: To analyze the differences in frequency and distribution of HPA gene polymorphisms between T2DM patients with macrovascular complications and those without macrovascular complications. Methods: A case control study was conducted involving 100 T2DM patients, consisting of 50 patients with macrovascular complications and 50 without macrovascular complications. HPA gene polymorphisms were analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction method. Clinical and laboratory variables including age, sex, HbA1c level, hypertension, and dyslipidemia were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed to determine the association between HPA polymorphisms and macrovascular complications. Results: HPA gene types 1–5 were detected, while HPA-15a and HPA-15b were absent. Most participants were male (53%), aged 18–65 years (84%), had uncontrolled HbA1c levels (93%), were not hypertensive (72%), and had no dyslipidemia (57%). Significant differences were observed in hypertension, dyslipidemia, and HPA-2b polymorphism between the macrovascular and non-macrovascular complication groups (p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that HPA-2b polymorphism was significantly associated with macrovascular complications in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (p < 0.001). Conclusion: HPA-2b gene polymorphism is more prevalent in T2DM patients with macrovascular complications and is significantly associated with the occurrence of these complications.
Detection of Periodic Acid – Schiff (PAS) in Gastric Mucosa of an Ulcer Model Treated with Manila
Background: With the practical benefit of being less expensive than immunohistochemistry, periodic Acid – Schiff (PAS) histochemistry may reveal pathological alterations in the stomach mucosa and detect tissue carbohydrates, glycogen, and neutral mucopolysaccharides. Objective: To find out how Manilkara zapota (sapodilla) extract affects ethanol-induced gastric ulceration and to compare the PAS staining of healthy and ulcerated gastric mucosa. Methods: Wistar rat gastric tissue paraffin blocks from ethanol-ulcer groups with and without sapodilla extract were used in an experimental histochemical study. Sections were stained with H&E and PAS , and PAS features were evaluated using semi-quantitative scoring (0-3) using Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis (p<0.05). Results: Although the Pass-positive mucosal length showed a tendency to increase the higher-dose groups, the difference was not statistically significant (Kruskal – Wallis test, p=0.487; p>0.05) and was accompanied by considerable inter-individual variability. In contrast, lesion scores differed significantly among groups (Kruskal-Walls test p=0.026; p<0.05), with healthy animals consistently exhibiting a score of 0.00±0.00, whereas the ulcer-induced groups demonstrated higher lesion scores. Conclusion: PAS-based metrics indicate a potential mucosal-defense recovery trend with higher-dose sapodilla extract. However, the effect was not statistically confirmed, indicating the need for additional dosing/time point optimization and complementary results.
Bite Marks as a Form of Physical Abuse in Intimate Partner Violence Against Men
Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a pervasive public health and human rights issue that can affect individuals of all genders. While women are disproportionately affected, male victims are often underreported and underserved. Bite marks, though sometimes underestimated, represent a violent and intimate form of physical abuse. Content: A 26-year-old male presented with multiple bite marks on the upper arm, shoulder, and chest, consistent with patterned injuries typical of human dentition. The injuries were inflicted by his female partner during a domestic altercation. In addition to the bite wounds, the victim sustained a puncture wound to the chest caused by a ballpoint pen. This event marked an escalation in the pattern of abuse that the victim reported had been ongoing for over a year. This case highlights the complexity of IPV, especially when the victim is male. Bite marks are often inflicted during close physical struggle and are typically associated with intense emotional states, such as rage or control. From a forensic perspective, bite marks can serve as critical evidence linking the perpetrator to the act of violence. The use of an improvised weapon (a pen) in this case also underscores the impulsivity and escalation potential of IPV. Summary: This case underlines the need for a gender-inclusive approach to IPV evaluation and management. Medical and forensic professionals should be trained to recognize bite injuries and respond appropriately to male victims, ensuring comprehensive documentation, evidence collection, and referral for psychosocial support.
A Bibliometric Analysis of HER2 Positivity as a Predictor of Brain Metastases in Breast Cancer: Insights from VOSviewer
Background: HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) is known for its aggressive behavior and increased risk of brain metastases (BM), which worsens patient prognosis and limits therapeutic options due to the blood brain barrier (BBB). This study systematically evaluates HER2 overexpression as a predictive factor of BM in breast cancer patients through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and visualizes global research trends using VOSviewer. Methods: A total of 20 peer-reviewed primary studies published between 2015–2025 were analyzed from PubMed and Scopus databases using the PRISMA framework. Selection was guided by the PICOTS model, and data synthesis included clinical predictors, therapeutic outcomes, and prognostic models. Bibliometric metadata were processed using VOSviewer to explore thematic evolution. Results: HER2 overexpression is consistently linked with earlier BM onset, higher incidence, and distinct survival patterns. Advanced HER2-targeted agents like tucatinib and pyrotinib demonstrated enhanced CNS control. VOSviewer maps revealed five thematic clusters: HER2-targeted therapy, BM prediction models, survival analysis, CNS drug resistance, and HER2-low classification. Conclusion: HER2 positivity is an independent prognostic marker for brain metastases in BC. Its integration into CNS risk stratification and personalized therapy protocols may enhance clinical outcomes in high-risk patients
Association between High Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP) Levels and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review
Background: HER2-positive breast cancer (BC) is known for its aggressive behavior and increased risk of brain metastases (BM), which worsens patient prognosis and limits therapeutic options due to the blood brain barrier (BBB). This study systematically evaluates HER2 overexpression as a predictive factor of BM in breast cancer patients through a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and visualizes global research trends using VOSviewer. This systematic review assessed the relationship between serum hs-CRP levels and cognitive impairment in elderly T2DM patients, exploring its potential as an early screening biomarker. Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were systematically searched for studies published between January 2017 and March 2025. Observational studies involving patients aged ≥60 years with T2DM that reported both hs-CRP levels and cognitive outcomes were included. Study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal tool were performed independently by two reviewers. Due to heterogeneity in study design, cognitive assessment tools, and hs-CRP reporting, findings were synthesized narratively. Results: Most studies showed that higher hs-CRP levels were associated with mild cognitive impairment and poorer executive or memory function in elderly T2DM patients. Some evidence indicated that hs-CRP elevation may precede measurable cognitive decline, suggesting its role in early neuroinflammation. Conclusion: Elevated hs-CRP is consistently linked to cognitive dysfunction in elderly T2DM patients and may serve as a practical biomarker for early detection. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to establish causality and diagnostic thresholds.
Inhibition of HMG-CoA Reductase Activity from Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) fruit's polyphenols: In-Silico Study
Background: Hyperlipidemia is a group of conditions, both inherited and acquired, where there is too much fat in the body. While the condition itself often doesn't cause noticeable symptoms, it can lead to serious diseases that may be dangerous. HMG-CoA Reductase (HMGCR) is the enzyme that antihyperlipidemic medicines target. Recent studies suggest that eating diets based on date fruits may provide several health benefits, mainly because they are rich in plant-based polyphenols. Objective: This study looked at how polyphenols from date palms might stop HMG-CoA reductase from working. The polyphenols tested came from Phoenix dactylifera L. fruit and included gallic acid, catechin, rutin, quercetin, isoquercetin, kaempferol, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, syringic acid, and vanillic acid. Methods: The study used a computer-based method called molecular docking to predict how well these compounds could block the enzyme. Binding affinity scores were used to measure how strongly they could stop the enzyme. The process included preparing the chemicals and protein, running the docking simulation, and checking if the compounds were likely to be used as drugs. Results: The study found that date palm polyphenols could be useful in lowering lipids, with catechin showing the strongest effect, having a binding score of −8.5. Conclusion: Polyphenols in dates can act as natural agents to lower lipids by stopping the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme, making them a possible addition to treatments for high lipid levels.
Testicular Torsion in Adolescents: A Case Report and Surgical Management Approach
Background: Testicular torsion is a surgical emergency caused by twisting of the spermatic cord, which impedes blood flow to the testicle. If not treated within 4–6 hours of symptom onset, this condition can lead to ischemia, necrosis, and permanent testicular damage. Prompt treatment is crucial to prevent complications. Case Description: A 19-year-old man presented to the emergency department (ED) with severe pain and swelling in the left scrotum for three days. His pain score (VAS) was 5/10. No systemic symptoms were found. Physical examination revealed edema and tenderness in the left scrotum. Scrotal ultrasound revealed an enlarged, heterogeneous, and avascular left testicle, while the right testicle was normal, and left testicular torsion was diagnosed. The patient subsequently underwent orchidectomy for the necrotic left testicle and orchidopexy for the right testicle. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of testicular torsion is crucial to prevent further damage. Doppler ultrasonography was helpful in confirming the diagnosis. The definitive treatment for testicular necrosis is orchidopexy, and orchidopexy is an appropriate approach to prevent recurrence and preserve the function of the remaining testicle
Myoma-Related Altered Tubal Anatomy as an Etiologic Factor in Recurrent Ectopic Pregnancy and Infertility: A Case Report
Background: Recurrent ectopic pregnancy remains a significant and complex challenge in obstetric care, particularly when accompanied by comorbid conditions such as uterine myomas. Case Description: We report the case of a 30-year-old woman with a history of two ectopic pregnancies—one involving the right fallopian tube and the other the left—along with a large subserosal uterine myoma. Diagnosis was established via transvaginal ultrasonography and supporting laboratory investigations. The patient underwent a laparotomy with salpingotomy and myomectomy in an effort to preserve reproductive capacity. Timely surgical intervention and comprehensive postoperative management resulted in favorable clinical outcomes, preventing complications and supporting recovery. Conclusion: This case underscores the critical importance of individualized clinical management and interdisciplinary collaboration in addressing complex gynecologic presentations. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interplay between uterine myomas and ectopic pregnancy and to assess their long-term impact on fertility. Development of more refined diagnostic and therapeutic protocols may contribute to improved maternal outcomes and reproductive preservation.
Adjunctive Statin Therapy on Cholesterol and Clinical Symptoms in Schizophrenia Treated with Risperidone
Background: Schizophrenia is associated with the metabolic side effects of atypical antipsychotics, such as hypercholesterolemia. Objective: To evaluate the effect of adjuvant statin therapy on total cholesterol levels and clinical symptoms in patients with schizophrenia treated with risperidone. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 36 patients with schizophrenia at RSKD Dadi, South Sulawesi. The subjects were randomized into risperidone-only and risperidone plus statin groups. Results: Statin adjuvant therapy reduced total cholesterol levels and improved clinical symptoms (PANSS scores) compared to the control group. Conclusion: Adjuvant statin therapy is potentially beneficial in reducing cholesterol levels and improving clinical outcomes in patients with schizophrenia receiving risperidone.
Management of Orbital Complications Based on Chandler Classification Stage II-IV in Pediatric Sinusitis: A Systematic Review
Background: Orbital complications are the most common sequelae of pediatric sinusitis (70–85%) and can lead to vision loss or intracranial issues if untreated. Irreversible vision loss occurs in 3–11% of advanced cases. Objective: To review current evidence on medical versus surgical treatment for Chandler Stage II–IV orbital complications in pediatric sinusitis, particularly since there is no clear guideline on when urgent surgery is required and when antibiotics alone are sufficient. Methods: A systematic review (2015–2025) was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. Included studies involved patients <18 years with Stage II–IV complications. Data on treatments, outcomes, and risk of bias (Newcastle–Ottawa Scale) were analyzed. Results: Thirty-three studies (>16,700 patients) were included. Stage II was successfully treated with antibiotics alone in >90% of cases. In Stage III, 35–50% required surgery, especially with abscess ≥3.6 mm, vision changes, or poor response to antibiotics. Stage IV nearly always required urgent surgery. Stage-based treatment improved vision, motility, and proptosis, with no reported deaths. Conclusion: Chandler staging effectively guides treatment. Antibiotics suffice for Stage II; surgery is often needed for Stage III–IV. Timely, evidence-based care helps prevent permanent vision loss.
Luaran Pasien Geriatri dengan Sepsis di Unit Perawatan Intensif: Analisis Rasio Neutrofil Limfosit
Latar belakang: Sepsis merupakan kondisi mengancam jiwa yang ditandai dengan disfungsi organ akibat inflamasi sistematik sebagai respon disregulasi host terhadap infeksi yang dapat terjadi pada semua usia. Angka kematian pada satu tahun pertama pasien sepsis mencapai 31%. Namun, usia tua meningkatkan risiko mortalitas pada pasien geriatric dengan sepsis dikaitkan dengan penurunan fungsi sistem imun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) dengan luaran pasien geriatric dengan sepsis. Metode: Studi ini termasuk penelitian analitik observasional dengan pendekatan kohort retrospektif yang melibatkan sampel 40 orang. Data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 26.0. Uji Mann-whitney U test digunakan untuk menilai perbandingan NLR berdasarkan luaran pasien geriatri dengan sepsis. Hasil: Pasien geriatri dengan sepsis yang meninggal memiliki nilai NLR yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang hidup (25,27 (13,84 - 40,15); 7,14 (0,88 - 14,38)) dengan nilai signifikansi p<0,05. Kesimpulan: Kadar NLR yang tinggi berhubungan dengan mortalitas pada pasien geriatri dengan sepsis.
Karakteristik Pasien Epistaksis di Rsud Malinau Kalimantan Utara Periode Juli – Desember 2023
Latar belakang: Epistaksis merupakan kondisi darurat Telinga, Hidung dan Tenggorokan (THT) yang sering terjadi akibat factor local atau sistemik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien epistaksis di RSUD Malinau, Kalimantan Utara. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi observasional retospektif yang bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik pasien epistaksis di RSUD Malinau, Kalimantan Utara, periode Juli – Desember tahun 2023. Darah diambil dari 41 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil: Hasil menunjukkan epistaksis terjadi pada anak usia 5-11 tahun (29,3%), laki-laki (56,1%), dengan penyebab local (61%) dan perdarahan anterior (61%). Kesimpulan: Mayoritas kasus epistaksis di RSUD Malinau terjadi pada anak laki-laki usia sekolah dengan etiologi lokal dan perdarahan anterior.
Tatalaksana Nyeri Paska Operasi Seksio Saesarea
Latar belakang: Seksio sesarea (SC) merupakan prosedur bedah yang sering dilakukan untuk mengatasi komplikasi obstetri. Namun, nyeri pasca SC menjadi tantangan utama yang dapat memperlambat pemulihan dan meningkatkan risiko nyeri kronis. Manajemen nyeri yang efektif diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan hasil pascaoperasi. Artikel ini bertujuan merangkum pendekatan terkini manajemen nyeri pasca seksio sesarea secara farmakologis, regional, dan non-farmakologis untuk mendukung pengendalian nyeri yang efektif. Isi: Nyeri pasca SC bersifat nosiseptif dan neuropatik, memerlukan pendekatan multimodal yang mencakup terapi farmakologis dan non-farmakologis. Obat seperti OAINS, opioid, dan anestesi lokal terbukti efektif, sementara teknik regional seperti morfin intratekal memberikan analgesia jangka panjang. Terapi non-farmakologis, termasuk CBT dan TENS, juga berperan dalam mempercepat pemulihan. Kesimpulan Manajemen nyeri pasca SC sangat penting untuk mempercepat pemulihan dan mengurangi risiko nyeri kronis. Pendektakan terapi multimodal efektif mengurangi morbitas pasien paska SC.
Farmakogenomik Metabolisme Obat: Menelusuri Variasi Genetik dan Dampaknya terhadap Respon terhadap Obat
Latar belakang: Farmakogenomik merupakan studi bagaimana susunan genetic memengaruhi responsnya terhadap pengobatan yang dapat menyebabkan variasi respons pengobatan. Farmakogenomik bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan efektivitas pengobatan sekaligus meminimalkan reaksi obat yang merugikan. Namun, terdapat tantangan yang menghambat seperti keterjangkauan uji genetik, infrastruktur, seta edukasi bagi tenaga kesehatan. Isi: Farmakogenomik menawarkan peluang besar dalam personalisasi terapi untuk penyakit kronis seperti gangguan psikiatri. Profiling genetic terhadap varian enzim cytochrome seperti CYP2C19 dan CYP2D6 telah terbukti meningkatkan pemilihan dan penyesuaian dosis obat, sehingga dapat menurunkan risiko efek samping. Pedoman klinis dari Clinical Pharmacogenetis Implementastion Consortium (CPIC) semakin memfasilitasi penerjemahan riset farmakogenomik ke dalam praktik klinis yang aplikatif, dengan menyediakan kerangka kerja terstruktur untuk integrasi data genetic dalam layanan kesehatan. Kesimpulan: Integrasi farmakogenomik ke dalam praktik klinis rutin menawarkan pendekatan yang transformatif dalam layanan kesehatan, dengan potensi untuk memperbaiki hasil terapeutik secara global.
Uji Efektivitas Antijamur Ekstrak Kunyit (Curcuma Domestica Val.) terhadap Jamur Malassezia Furfur secara in Vitro
Latar belakang: Malassezia furfur adalah penyebab Pityriasis Versicolor dengan prevalensi tinggi di daerah tropis seperti Indonesia. Kunyit (Curcuma domestica Val.) mengandung kurkumin, minyak atsiri, dan fenol yang berpotensi sebagai antijamur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari alternatif pengobatan antijamur berbasis herbal. Metode: Penelitian true experimental dengani desain Post-test Only Control Group menggunakan metode sumuran. Ekstrak kunyit diperoleh melalui maserasi etanol 96% dengan konsentrasi 1%, 2,5%, dan 5%. Ketokonazol digunakan sebagai kontrol positif dan DMSO 10% sebagai kontrol negatif. Data dianalisis dengan One Way ANOVA dan Post Hoc Bonferroni. Hasil: Konsentrasi 1% dan 2,5% tidak menghambat jamur, sedangkan 5% menghasilkan zona hambat lemah (10,50 mm). Kontrol positif menunjukkan daya hambat tinggi (28,13 mm), sementara kontrol negatif tidak menunjukkan zona hambat. Kesimpulan: Ekstrak kunyit 5% memiliki daya hambat lemah terhadap Malassezia furfur, sedangkan konsentrasi 1% dan 2,5% tidak efektif secara in vitro.
Pengaruh Penambahan Reagen Anti-Rh terhadap Pemeriksaan Kolesterol CHOD-PAP pada Serum yang Mengandung Eritrosit
Latar belakang: Hemolisis dalam specimen serum menyebabkan pelepasan hemoglobin yang dapat mengganggu akurasi hasil pemeriksaan kimia klinik, termasuk kadar kolesterol. Penambahan reagen anti-Rh diharapkan dapat mengendapkan eritrosit dan menurunkan kadar hemoglobin bebas sehingga hasil pemeriksaan kolesterol tidak terpengaruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan reagen anto-Rh terhadap hasil pemeriksaan kolesterol pada serum yang mengandung eritrosit. Metode: Jenis penelitian adalah eksperimental dengan desain static group comparison. Serum hemolisis dengan kadar hemoglobin 0,53 g/dL, 0,81 g/dL dan 1,03 g/dL diberi tambahan reagen anti-Rh sebanyak 50 µL, 100 µL dan 200 µL. Kadar kolesterol diperiksa menggunakan metode CHOD-PAP [2]. Data dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji lanjut Post Hoc Duncan. Hasil: Reagen Anti-Rh dapat mengendapkan dan memisahkan eritrosit dalam serum yang mengandung eritrosit; Reagen anti-Rh mempengaruhi secara signifikan dalam pemeriksaan kolesterol pada sampel yang mengandung eritrosit dengan nilai Sig < 0,05 terhadap sampel yang mengandung eritrosit yang tidak ditambahkan reagen anti-Rh. Kadar Hb 0,53 g/dL dengan penambahan reagen anti-Rh 200 µL di sampel yang mengandung eritrosit, memberikan kadar kolesterol yang sama (tidak berbeda signifikan) terhadap kolesterol yang diukur pada serum normal. Kesimpulan: Penambahan reagen anti-Rh efektif menurunkan kadar hemoglobin bebas dan mengurangi interferensi pada pemeriksaan kolesterol, tetapi kadar kolesterol tidak berbeda signifikan dengan serum normal (p > 0,05.
Umbilical Cord MSC-Secretome Therapy Enhances Erectile Function in Elderly Men
Background: Reduced erectile capacity often appears as part of physiological shifts during aging potentially implicating broader physiological or social realms. These declines originate from intricate underlying conditions: endothelial dysfunction, unstable hormonal patterns, compromised vascular structures, oxidative stress escalations, and inflammatory cascades. Recently, attention has drifted towards secretome derived from umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSC)—an eclectic blend of cytokines, extracellular vesicles, and growth factors—suggesting foundational regenerative qualities surpassing conventional symptomatic therapies, like phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE-5i). Methods: In this study, ederly male participants (n=64, aged ≥60) diagnosed with erectile dysfunction (ED) received intracavernosal UCMSC-secretome injections every two weeks for three sessions. No control group was included; efficacy was tracked through pre- and post-intervention evaluations using the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Results: A statistically notable improvement emerged—average IIEF-5 scores increasing by about 5.49 points (p<0.001; Cohen’s d=1.99). With the satisfaction averaging approximately 8.03/10. Conclusion: Extensive, randomized controlled trials could more conclusively elucidate the genuine potential of secretome interventions.
Factors Affecting the Occurrence of Diabetic Ulceration in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels, which increases the risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications, thereby reducing patients' quality of life. One complication of DM is neuropathy, which is characterized by reduced sensation in the feet and is often associated with foot ulcers. Approximately 50% of the diabetic population is at risk of developing diabetic foot ulcers. Objective: This study aimed to identify factors associated with the occurrence of diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Methods: This study used a descriptive-analytic design with a cross-sectional approach. Results: The study found that diabetic foot ulcers in patients with type 2 DM were most prevalent in those over the age of 65 (25 individuals, 75.76%), female (19 individuals, 57.6%), with a normal Body Mass Index (BMI) (24 individuals, 72.73%), having suffered from type 2 DM for more than five years (26 individuals, 78.79%), high HbA1c levels (30 individuals, 90.91%), and regular foot care practices (22 individuals, 66.67%). Conclusion: The most dominant factors associated with diabetic foot ulcers are older age (> 65 years), duration of diabetes of more than five years, high random blood glucose levels, and elevated HbA1c levels.
Hipertensi Pulmoner Terkait Penyakit Paru (Hipertensi Pulmoner Tipe 3)
Latar belakang: Hipertensi pulmoner adalah penyakit fatal dari berbagai etiologi yang diperkirakan memengaruhi lebih dari 100 juta orang di seluruh dunia. Penyakit ini didefiniskan secara hemodinamik sebagai tekanan rata-rata arteri pulmonalis ≥ 25 mmHg saat istirahat. Isi: Hipertensi pulmoner menyebabkan berbagai kondisi dan komplikasi klinis terutama gangguan pada sistem kardiovaskular dan respirasi. Hipertensi polmuner akibat penyakit paru-paru dan/atau hipoksia yang menrupakan klasifkasi tipe 3 adalah salah satu bentuk HP yang sering terjadi. Berbagai penyakit paru dan keadaan hipoksia telah lama dikenal sebagai keadaan yang menginduksi perubahan sistem vaskular pulmoner melalui berbagai mekanisme yang belum sepenuhnya dimengerti. Kesimpulan: Mekanisme patologi hipertensi pulmoner terkait penyakit paru kronis, seperti penyakit paru obstruktif kronik, penyakit paru interstitial, penyakit paru campuran pola restriksi dan obstruksi, gangguan pernapasan saat tidur, gangguan hipoventilasi alveolar, paparan lama terhadap ketinggian dan kelainan perkembangan paru adalah adanya remodeling pembuluh darah disertai disfungsi endotel diakibatkan hipoksia kronik.
Layanan Paliatif Pasien Gagal Jantung: Suatu Narasi Singkat
Latar belakang: Gagal jantung merupakan penyakit dengan prevalensi cukup tinggi dengan angka mortalitas yang juga tinggi. Di samping itu, meskipun pengobatan dilakukan secara optimal, masih terdapat kemungkinan terjadinya perburukan. Isi: Dalam kasus gagal jantung lanjut, di mana fungsi atau struktur jantung telah mengalami kerusakan signifikan, penerapan terapi maksimal sesuai pedoman tidak lagi mampu mengatasi gejala. Populasi pasien gagal jantung lanjutan memiliki angka harapan hidup pasien yang lebih pendek. Gejala sesak dan nyeri juga akan mengganggu kualitas hidup pasien. Pasien dengan gagal jantung perlu dirujuk ke layanan paliatif sedini mungkin, terutama ketika prognosis pasien diketahui buruk dan harapan hidupnya rendah. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran kajian ilmiah tentang layanan paliatif bagi pasien gagal jantung yang bertujuan untuk meringankan keluhan dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup pada pasien dan keluarga. Metodologi tinjauan literatur dengan melalui pencarian basis data medis pada jurnal kedokteran, pedoman, dan artikel medis. Kesimpulan: Peran layanan paliatif pada pasien dengan gagal jantung lanjutan telah direkomendasikan berbagai perkumpulan kardiologi di berbagai macam negara karena dapat membantu pasien mendapat pelayanan paling optimal sesuai dengan keinginan pasien.
Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Kecemasan pada Ibu Hamil Trimester Ketiga di Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi Kota Makassar
Latar belakang: Kualitas tidur buruk yang dimiliki ibu hamil di Indonesia mencapai sekitar 64% dan hampir 80% mengalami susah tidur menjelang trimester ketiga. Jika dibiarkan dapat berefek pada saat persalinan, di antaranya persalinan prematur. Kualitas tidur yang buruk dapat menimbulkan kecemasan, namun penelitian pada ibu hamil masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara kualitas tidur dengan kecemasan ibu hamil trimester ketiga di Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi Kota Makassar. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian analisis korelasional kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Alat penelitian ini menggunakan The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Questionnaire untuk kualitas tidur dan Pregnant-Related Anxiety-Revised 2 Questionnaire untuk tingkat kecemasan. Hasil: Dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan 88 sampel dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis univariat dan bivariat dengan uji korelasi peringkat Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 79,5% diantaranya memiliki kualitas tidur yang buruk, dan jika menyangkut kecemasan, kecemasan ringan lebih dominan (56,8%). Analisis bivariat diperoleh p-value = 0,002 dengan p < 0,1 dan nilai r = 0,326. Kesimpulan: Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dengan kekuatan korelasi sedang antara kualitas tidur dengan kecemasan pada ibu hamil tua di Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi.
Gangguan Keseimbangan Akibat Penyakit Dekompresi
Latar belakang: Decompression Sickness (DCS) adalah penyakit multisistem disebabkan oleh gelembung gas terlarut yang terbentuk dalam darah dan jaringan selama atau pasca penurunan tekanan lingkungan mendadak. Isi: Insiden DCS jarang terjadi, hanya sekitar 3 kasus per 10.000 penyelaman. Insidennya meningkat pada nelayan penyelam tradisional. Inner Ear Barotrauma (IEB) merupakan suatu kerusakan jaringan fisik yang terjadi akibat ketidakseimbangan antara tekanan udara pada ruang telinga tengah dan telinga dalam. Alternobaric vertigo (AV) merupakan suatu kondisi kejadian vertigo sementara yang biasanya akan berkembang saat naik atau melakukan manuver valsava. Faktor risiko lainya pada AV meliputi paparan kebisingan saat melakukan penyelaman. Review ini menggunakan Inner Ear Disorders in SCUBA Divers: A Review sebagai panduan dalam menyusun artikel. Penelusuran menggunakan Google Scholar, Pubmed, dan Plos One. Kesimpulan: Decompression Sickness (DCS) dapat menyebabkan Gangguan keseimbangan pada IEB, Inner Ear Decompression Sickness, dan AV.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Tin dan Minyak Zaitun terhadap Berat Badan Tikus Putih
Latar belakang: Prevalensi obesitas telah meningkat di seluruh dunia dalam 50 tahun terakhir, dan mencapai tingkat pandemi. Banyak tumbuhan yang dikenal oleh masyarakat dan diketahui memiliki khasiat dalam menyembuhkan penyakit, diantaranya adalah buah Tin dan Zaitun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh ekstrak buah Tin dan minyak Zaitun terhadap berat badan tikus putih yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak. Metode: Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian true eksperimental dan desain penelitian pre-post test. Analisis statistik yang digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan pretest dan posttest pada semua kelompok adalah dengan menggunakan paired T-test dengan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil: Didapatkan perubahan berat badan yang signifikan pada kelompok perlakuan III (KP III) yang diberikan perlakuan kombinasi ekstrak buah Tin dan minyak Zaitun selama 14 hari dengan p-value < 0,001. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh pada pemberian ekstrak buah Tin (Ficus carica L.) dan minyak Zaitun (Olea europaea. L) terhadap berat badan tikus yang diinduksi Diet Tinggi Lemak.
Parotitis Mumps: Diagnosis, Tata Laksana, dan Edukasi Pencegahan Penularan pada Fasilitas Pelayanan Primer
Latar belakang: Virus mumps adalah penyebab yang terbanyak kejadian parotitis. Penyebaran virus ini melalui droplet udara saat penderita batuk, bersin, dan berbicara. Hal ini membuat penyebaran penyakit ini sangat cepat. Di Indonesia, Dinas Kesehatan DKI Jakarta mencatat adanya peningkatan kasus mumps hingga mencapai 1.234 pada 2024. Isi: Mumps disebabkan oleh kelompok paramyxovirus, sebuah virus rantai tunggal RNA yang tidak bersegmen. Diagnosis mumps pada layanan kesehatan primer ditegakkan secara klasik berdasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan klinis, terutama gejala patognomonik parotitis. Sebagian besar kasus mumps bersifat self-limiting sehingga tata laksananya adalah suportif dan simptomatik. Kasus mumps yang disertai komplikasi memerlukan rujukan ke rumah sakit. Pencegahan penyebaran virus dapat dioptimalkan dengan konseling dan edukasi yang mencakup isolasi selama lima hari setelah gejala parotitis, proteksi diri, dan vaksinasi MMR sesuai dosis. Kesimpulan: Parotitis mumps adalah penyakit yang dapat dicegah dengan vaksinasi. Diagnosis dan penanganan tepat, serta edukasi efektif dapat membantu menurunkan angka kejadian mencegah terjadinya komplikasi, dan epidemi.
Pengaruh Infeksi Ascaris Lumbricoides terhadap Status Gizi pada Anak Usia 6-12 Tahun
Latar belakang: Ascaris lumbricoides merupakan nematoda usus atau cacing usus yang tertular melalui tanah yang menyebabkan penyakit Ascariasis. Infeksi kecacingan menyebabkan malabsorpsi dengan menghalangi daerah penyerapan mukosa usus halus, dimana status gizi merupakan ukuran seberapa baik kebutuhan gizi terpenuhi sebagai hasil keseimbangan antara kebutuhan dan masukan gizi. Infeksi kecacingan merupakan salah satu gangguan infeksi yang dapat mengakibatkan malnutrisi. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian adalah anak usia 6-12 tahun di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tabaringan Makassar, yang ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Analisis dilakukan dengan uji chi square Fisher’s Exact Test. Hasil: Penelitian dilakukan dengan jumlah sampel 55 anak, 8 anak (14,5%) positif terinfeksi Ascaris lumbricoides, dan 47 anak (85,5%) negatif. Di antara yang positif, 5 anak (62,5%) memiliki status gizi kurang; sementara dari yang negatif, 2 anak (25%) menunjukkan status gizi buruk. Kesimpulan: Terdapat pengaruh infeksi Ascaris lumbricoides terhadap status gizi pada anak usia 6-12 tahun.
Peran dari Biopsi Miokard: Review dari Sudut Pandang Kardiologis
Latar Belakang: Endomyocardium biopsy (EMB) merupakan salah satu modalitas diagnosis invasif yang kontroversial dan sudah mulai berkurang karena teknologi pencitraan semakin berkembang dan bisa digunakan untuk mendiagnosis penyakit jantung lain tanpa melakukan prosedur invasif. Studi ini bertujuan untuk membahas perkembangan dan peran dari EMB sebagai modalitas diagnostik. Isi: EMB sering digunakan untuk menilai penolakan transplantasi jantung dan mendiagnosis penyakit kardiomiopati inflamatorik dan infiltratif. Akses melalui arteri radialis pada EMB ventrikel kiri berhubungan dengan komplikasi vaskular yang lebih rendah. Vena jugularis interna umum digunakan untuk EMB ventrikel kanan pada pasien transplantasi jantung, sedangkan vena femoralis kanan untuk pasien yang tidak menjalani transplantasi. Prosedur EMB memiliki komplikasi aritmia, abnormalitas konduksi, kerusakan katup, emboli, perforasi, dan kematian dan komplikasi tersebut sangat bergantung terhadap pengalaman operator. Kesimpulan: EMB sebagai alat diagnosis dapat digunakan terutama saat alat diagnosa lainnya tidak memadai untuk menegakkan diagnosa dan juga untuk memonitor reaksi penolakan transplantasi jantung. Untuk meminimalisir trauma dan meningkatkan akurasi, dikembangkan alat mikro biopsi yang sampai sejauh ini masih di uji coba kepada hewan.
Hubungan Kualitas Tidur dengan Tekanan Darah pada Pasien Hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Ibnu Sina Makassar
Latar belakang: : Hipertensi dijuluki silent killer karena gejalanya sulit dikenali dan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi hipertensi adalah kualitas tidur. Kualitas tidur dikatakan baik apabila tidak terdapat gangguan tidur yang disebabkan oleh kurang tidur atau faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas dan kuantitas tidur, kualitas tidur buruk atau durasi tidur pendek dikaitkan dengan peningkatan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi di RS Ibnu Sina. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian observasional analitik dengan metode cross-sectional yang berjumlah 40 responden. Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh responden yang memiliki hipertensi grade 2 sebanyak 18 responden (45%), kualitas tidur buruk sebanyak 21 responden (52,5%), hasil uji Chi-square diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0.014 (p<0.05). Kesimpulan: Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai uji chi square sebesar 0.014 menandakan adanya korelasi kualitas tidur dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi.